Introduction to the structure of a centrifugal pump, come and bookmark it!
Release time:
2022-12-05
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What is the structure of a middle-opening pump? The suction inlet and discharge outlet of a single-stage middle-opening pump are both located below the pump's axis line, positioned horizontally and perpendicular to the axis line. The pump casing is designed for middle opening, allowing for maintenance without the need to disassemble the inlet, outlet piping, and motor (or other prime movers). When viewed from the coupling towards the pump, the pump rotates in a counterclockwise direction; however, it can also be modified to rotate in a clockwise direction based on special user orders. The main components of a single-stage middle-opening pump include: pump body, pump cover, impeller, shaft, double-suction sealing ring, shaft sleeve, and bearings. Except for the shaft made of high-quality carbon steel, most other parts are made of cast iron. The pump body and pump cover form the working chamber of the impeller, with inlet and outlet flanges.
What is the structure of a middle-opening pump? The suction and discharge ports of a single-stage middle-opening pump are both located below the pump shaft centerline, positioned vertically to the horizontal direction of the shaft. The pump casing is middle-opening, and during maintenance, there is no need to disassemble the inlet, outlet piping, and motor (or other prime movers). Viewed from the coupling towards the pump, the pump rotates in a counterclockwise direction; however, it can be changed to clockwise rotation based on special user orders. The main components of a single-stage middle-opening pump include: pump body, pump cover, impeller, shaft, double-suction sealing ring, shaft sleeve, bearings, etc. Except for the shaft made of high-quality carbon steel, most other parts are made of cast iron. The pump body and pump cover form the working chamber of the impeller, and there are threaded holes for installing vacuum gauges and pressure gauges on the inlet and outlet flanges. There are also drainage threaded holes at the bottom of the inlet and outlet flanges.
After static balance inspection, the impeller is fixed by shaft sleeves and nuts on both sides. Its axial position can be adjusted through the shaft sleeve nuts. The axial force of the impeller is balanced by its symmetrically arranged blades, while some residual axial force may be borne by the bearing at the coaxial end.
The pump shaft of a middle-opening pump is supported by two single-row radial ball bearings, which are installed in bearings at both ends of the pump body and lubricated with grease. The double-suction sealing ring is used to reduce water leakage from the pump pressure chamber back to the suction chamber.
The pump coupling of a middle-opening pump is directly driven by a motor. The shaft is sealed with soft packing. To cool and lubricate the sealing chamber and prevent air from leaking into the pump, there is a water seal ring between the packing. When the pump operates, a small amount of high-pressure water flows into the packing chamber through the water seal pipe to act as a water seal.
How to install a middle-opening pump?
1. Starting and stopping: Before starting, rotate the rotor of the pump; it should rotate smoothly. Close the outlet gate valve and fill water into the pump (if there is no foot valve, use a vacuum pump to draw in water) to ensure that the pump is full of water without air. If equipped with a vacuum gauge or pressure gauge, close the valve connected to the pump before restarting the motor. Wait until normal speed before opening it; then gradually open the outlet gate valve. If the flow rate is too high, you can appropriately close the gate valve for adjustment. Otherwise, if the flow rate is too low, please open up the gate valve and evenly tighten the nuts on the packing gland to allow liquid to drip out. At the same time, pay attention to any temperature rise in the packing chamber. When stopping the operation of the water pump, first close the valves on vacuum gauges and pressure gauges as well as on the outlet pipe before shutting down power to the motor. If environmental temperatures are low, open and remove the square plug at the bottom of the pump body to avoid freezing and cracking. When not in use for an extended period, disassemble the water pump, dry off any remaining water on another part's surface, apply anti-rust oil on machined surfaces, and keep it safe.
2. Operation: The maximum allowable temperature for water pump bearings should not exceed 75°C. The amount of calcium-based grease used for lubricating bearings should occupy 1/3 to 1/2 of bearing space. Due to packing wear, packing glands can be tightened appropriately; if wear is excessive, they should be replaced. Regularly check shaft components and monitor temperature rise in motor bearings during operation. If noise or other abnormal sounds are detected during operation, stop immediately to check for causes and eliminate them. Do not arbitrarily increase pump speed; however, reducing rotational speed is permissible. For example, if this pump's rated speed is N with flow Q, head H, shaft power N, and equivalent speed n1 with flow Q1, head H1, and shaft power N1.
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